SA-210 (REVISED) "AGREEING THE TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT".

Trace a Hacker

Know if someone is hacking your computer/ Trace a Hacker
Want to know if someone is hacking your computer? Command Prompt can help you find if someone you don't know is connected to your computer stealing private data. Just execute netstat -a and the command prompt will return a list of computers that your computer is connected to. In the results returned, Proto column gives the type of data transmission taking place (TCP or UDP) , Local address column gives the port with which your computer is connected to an external computer and the Foreign Address column gives the external computer you are connected to along with the port being used for the connection. State gives the state of the connection (whether a connection is actually established, or waiting for transmission or is “Timed Out”).

Creating Undeletable & Unrenamable Folders

Make Undeletable, Unrenamable Folders
Have you ever wondered how you can make a folder which neither can be deleted nor be renamed. Well, if you have, then you have come to the right place. With this trick, you will be able to create folders in Windows which cannot be renamed or deleted.
Basic Concept
The basic concept behind this trick is the use of Keywords. Keywords are reserved words in any programming language that cannot be used as names of variables. Windows also uses certain keywords in its programming. Some of them are con, aux, lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, lpt4, lpt5, lpt6, lpt7, lpt8 and lpt9.
A Test
To test this concept, make a new folder in Windows and try to give it a name same as any keyword mentioned above.
Result
Windows will not rename your folder to any of the keyword given above.
Trick
So the question arises, how can we make a folder with a keyword as its name? The solution to this problem is included in Windows itself. As we know that Windows has evolved from D.O.S.(Disk Operating System), its commands can be used in Windows. You can use D.O.S. Programming in Windows to create a folder with a keyword as its name using the steps given below:-

1. Click on Start.
O
2. Click on Run. Type in "cmd" without quotes.

3. In the Command Prompt Window that opens, type the name of the drive you wish to create your folder in the format <drive-name>: and press Enter . e.g. If you wish to create the undeletable folder in D drive, type "D:" without the quotes. Note that the folder
cannot be created in the root of C: drive (if C: is your system drive).

4. Type this command- "md con\" or "md lpt1\" without the quotes and press Enter. You can choose any of the keywords given above as the name of your folder.
Now Windows will create an undeletable, unrenamable folder in the drive you entered in
Step 3 . However, the folder can be renamed to another keyword using Windows Explorer.
Deleting the Folder
Although, it is not possible to manually delete the folder, you can delete the folder by typing "rd con\" or "rd lpt1\" in Step 4 instead of "md con\" or "md lpt1\".

Windows Compatibility: This works on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 8.1.

Try it yourself to create one such folder which can neither be deleted nor be renamed.

Great Quotations

The world is the great gymnasium where we come to make ourselves strong.
- Swami Vivekananda

To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

The purpose of our lives is to be happy.
- Dalai Lama

Nothing strengthens authority so much as silence.
- Leonardo da Vinci

When love and skill work together, expect a masterpiece.
- John Ruskin

If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.
- John Quincy Adams

The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.
- Mahatma Gandhi

Live your beliefs and you can turn the world around.
- Henry David Thoreau

There is no substitute for hard work.
- Thomas A. Edison

The less effort, the faster and more powerful you will be.
- Bruce Lee

Pessimism leads to weakness, optimism to power.
- William James

When your values are clear to you, making decisions becomes easier.
- Roy E. Disney

Calmness is the cradle of power.
- Josiah Gilbert Holland

The speed of the leader is the speed of the gang.
- Mary Kay Ash

Always turn a negative situation into a positive situation.
- Michael Jordan

Every story I create, creates me. I write to create myself.
- Octavia E. Butler

Nothing will work unless you do.
- Maya Angelou

Try to be a rainbow in someone’s cloud.
- Maya Angelou

Believe you can and you’re halfway there.
- Theodore Roosevelt

Trust in dreams, for in them is hidden the gate to eternity.
- Khalil Gibran

The only journey is the one within.
- Rainer Maria Rilke

Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith.
- Steve Jobs

Never look backwards or you’ll fall down the stairs.
- Rudyard Kipling

Appointment of Auditor of a company.

Appointment of company Auditor either Government or Non-government can be easily understand by following the flowchart.
Here another opportunity to you is it is in jpeg format so you can easily download it and access easily on any device.

RTI ACT

The Right to Information Act (RTI) is an Act of the Parliament of India "to provide for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens" and replaces the erstwhile Freedom of information Act, 2002. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India except Jammu & Kashmir. Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen may request information from a "public authority" (a body of Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. The Act also requires every public authority to computerise their records for wide dissemination and to proactively certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 12 October 2005. The first application was given to a Pune police station. Information disclosure in India was restricted by the Official Secrets Act 1923 and various other special laws, which the new RTI Act relaxes. It codifies a fundamental right of citizens.

BACKGROUND

Freedom of Information Act 2002

The establishment of a national-level law, however, proved to be a difficult task. The Central Government appointed a working group under H. D. Shourie and assigned it the task of drafting legislation. The Shourie draft, was the basis for the Freedom of Information Bill, 2000 which eventually became law under the Freedom of Information Act, 2002. This Act was severely criticised for permitting too many exemptions, not only under the standard grounds of national security and sovereignty, but also for requests that would involve "disproportionate diversion of the resources of a public authority". There was no upper limit on the charges that could be levied. There were no penalties for not complying with a request for information. This Act, consequently, never came into effect.

State-level RTI ActS

The state-level RTI Acts were first successfully enacted by the state governments of Tamil Nadu (1997), Goa (1997),Rajasthan (2000), Delhi (2001), Maharashtra (2002), Assam (2002), Madhya Pradesh (2003), Jammu and Kashmir(2004), and Haryana (2005).

SCOPE

The Act covers the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir, where J&K Right to Information Act is in force. It is no to all constitutional authorities, including the executive, legislature and judiciary; any institution or body established or constituted by an act of Parliament or a state legislature. It is also defined in the Act that bodies or authorities established or constituted by order or notification of appropriate government including bodies "owned, controlled or substantially financed" by government, or non-Government organizations "substantially financed, directly or indirectly by funds" provided by the government are also covered in the Act.

Private bodies

Private bodies are not within the Act's ambit directly. In a decision of Sarbajit Roy versus Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission,^[1] the Central Information Commission also reaffirmed that privatised public utility companies continue to be within the RTI Act- their privatisation not withstanding.

Political parties

The Central Information Commission (CIC), consisting of Satyanand Mishra, M.L. Sharma and Annapurna Dixit, has held that the political parties are public authorities and are answerable to citizens under the RTI Act. The CIC, a quasi-judicial body, has said that six national parties - Congress, BJP, NCP, CPI(M), CPI and BSP and BJD - have been substantially funded indirectly by the Central Government and have the character of public authorities under the RTI Act as they perform public functions^[ In August 2013 the government introduced a Right To Information (Amendment) Bill which would remove poiltical parties from the scope of the law. In September 2013 the Bill was deferred to the Winter Session of Parliament.In December 2013 the Standing Committee on Law and Personnel said in its report tabled in Parliament.

"The committee considers the proposed amendment is a right step to address the issue once and for all. The committee, therefore, recommends for passing of the Bill."

PROCESS

The RTI process involves reactive (as opposed to proactive) disclosure of information by the authorities. An RTI request initiates the process.

Each authority covered by the RTI Act must appoint their Public Information Officer (PIO). Any person may submit a written request to the PIO for information. It is the PIO's obligation to provide information to citizens of India who request information under the Act. If the request pertains to another public authority (in whole or part), it is the PIO's responsibility to transfer/forward the concerned portions of the request to a PIO of the other authority within 5 working days. In addition, every public authority is required to designate Assistant Public Information Officers (APIOs) to receive RTI requests and appeals for forwarding to the PIOs of their public authority. The applicant is required to disclose his name and contact particulars but not any other reasons or justification for seeking information.

The Central Information Commission (CIC) acts upon complaints from those individuals who have not been able to submit information requests to a Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer due to either the officer not having been appointed, or because the respective Central Assistant Public Information Officer or State Assistant Public Information Officer refused to receive the application for information.

The Act specifies time limits for replying to the request.

• If the request has been made to the PIO, the reply is to be given within 30 days of receipt.
• If the request has been made to an APIO, the reply is to be given within 35 days of receipt.
• If the PIO transfers the request to another public authority (better concerned with the information requested), the time allowed to reply is 30 days but computed from the day after it is received by the PIO of the transferee authority.
• Information concerning corruption and Human Rights violations by scheduled Security agencies (those listed in the Second Schedule to the Act) is to be provided within 45 days but with the prior approval of the Central Information Commission.
• However, if life or liberty of any person is involved, the PIO is expected to reply within 48 hours.

Since the information is to be paid for, the reply of the PIO is necessarily limited to either denying the request (in whole or part) and/or providing a computation of "further fees". The time between the reply of the PIO and the time taken to deposit the further fees for information is excluded from the time allowed. If information is not provided within this period, it is treated as deemed refusal. Refusal with or without reasons may be ground for appeal or complaint. Further, information not provided in the times prescribed is to be provided free of charge. Appeal processes are also defined.

EXCLUSIONS

Central Intelligence and Security agencies specified in the Second Schedule like IB,Directorate General of Income tax(Investigation), RAW, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, Directorate of Enforcement, Narcotics Control Bureau, Aviation Research Centre, Special Frontier Force, BSF, CRPF, ITBP, CISF, NSG, Assam Rifles, Special Service Bureau, Special Branch (CID), Andaman and Nicobar, The Crime Branch-CID-CB, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Special Branch, Lakshadweep Police. Agencies specified by the State Governments through a Notification will also be excluded. The exclusion, however, is not absolute and these organizations have an obligation to provide information pertaining to allegations of corruption and human rights violations. Further, information relating to allegations of human rights violation could be given but only with the approval of the Central or State Information Commission.

Information Exclusions

The following is exempt from disclosure under section 8 of the Act:-

• Information, disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, "strategic, scientific or economic" interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offense;
• Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any court of law or tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of court;
• Information, the disclosure of which would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or the State Legislature;
• Information including commercial confidence, trade secrets or intellectual property, the disclosure of which would harm the competitive position of a third party, unless the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;
• Information available to a person in his fiduciary relationship, unless the competent authority is satisfied that the larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;
• Information received in confidence from foreign Government;
• Information, the disclosure of which would endanger the life or physical safety of any person or identify the source of information or assistance given in confidence for law enforcement or security purposes;
• Information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders;
• Cabinet papers including records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers, Secretaries and other officers;
• Information which relates to personal information the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual (but it is also provided that the information which cannot be denied to the Parliament or a State Legislature shall not be denied by this exemption);

Notwithstanding any of the exemptions listed above, a public authority may allow access to information, if public interest in disclosure outweighs the harm to the protected interests. However, this does not apply to disclosure of "trade or commercial secrets protected by law ".

Citation	Act No. 22 of 2005
Territorial extent	Whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir
Enacted by	Parliament of India
Date enacted	15-June-2005
Date assented to	22-June-2005
Date commenced	12-October-2005 First RTI application submitted by Shahid Raza Burney to a police station in Pune on 12 October 2005

REMOVING PC VIRUS WITH ''CMD''

Viruses are usually spread across multiple computers using USB Flash drives, external media, connected networks and the Internet. If a USB drive is infected with a virus, it will get activated when we open the USB drive on our computers.
This is because of the auto-run functionality in Windows. Windows looks for autorun.inf file in the USB drive. The autorun.inf file contains information about which program to run when the USB flash drive is opened.
The viruses tend to push their information in the autorun.inf file and then execute automatically from there. The,safest way to use the USB flash drives without infecting your own system is to disable the Auto Run functionality of Windows.To disable Auto Run functionality in Windows, do the following:

1. Go to Run –> gpedit.msc. This will open the Group Policy Editor.

2. Navigate to Computer Con??guration –> Administrative Templates –> Windows Components –> AutoPlay Policies.

3. In the right hand pane, enable “Turn off Autoplay” setting. This will prevent Windows from automatically using autorun.inf file in the USB drive. If your USB drive is already infected with a virus, you can safely delete the autorun.inf file and then scan the USB drive with an antivirus to make sure that the USB drive is clean from all malware.

Autorun.inf can be deleted in two ways. First by using Windows Explorer:
1. Press Windows Key + E to open Windows Explorer. From the left hand tree, open the USB drive. This should not trigger the auto run functionality of USB.

2. Now from the left hand content pane, delete the autorun.inf file. Make sure that you are showing hidden files from Folder Options as autorun.inf is usually a hidden file.

Secondly, you can also delete the infected autorun file from command line.
1. Go to Run –> cmd. This should open the command prompt.
2. Type g:\ where g is the USB drive letter.
3. Now run the following command: attrib -h -r -s -a *.*. This will remove the attributes hidden, archive, system from all the files.
4. Type del autorun.inf. This will delete the autorun.inf file.
If you want to make sure that in addition to the autorun file, the virus is also removed from the USB drive, you will need to open the autorun.inf file in notepad and see which files and executables are triggered during autorun.
Delete those executables and you will be safe from the wrath of USB viruses.
I hope this will be useful for you. Do let me know whether it was useful for you or not.